张建亮,赵景玮,吴国星
Zhang Jianliang Zhao Jingwei Wu Guoxing (BCRI, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002)

• 1:福建农林大学生物防治研究所!福州350002
• 2:福建农林大学生物防治研究所!福州350002
• 3:福建农林大学生物防治研究所!福州350002

摘要(Abstract)：

本文从桃蚜的生物生态学、抗药性的酶学机理和分子生物学机理三个方面对桃蚜的最近的研究进展作了综述。不同体色的桃蚜对环境的适应能力不同。桃蚜的抗药性主要是由羧酸酯酶 E4扩增引起的。但是乙酰胆碱酯酶的不敏感性也增加了桃蚜对氨基甲酸酯类农药的抗性。在分子水平上 ,桃蚜的抗性机制主要是酯酶基因的扩增。同时对这些扩增的酯酶基因的遗传方式也有一些研究。
This paper reviews the recent researching development of Myzus persicae from the biology and ecology , esterase mechanism and molecular biology mechanism et. three aspects. The adapting ability of different color-forms vary widely. The resistance of green peach aphids to insecticides results mainly from the enhance the levels of the E4 carboxylesterase. Besides ,the marked insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase to insecticide enhanced the resistance of Myzus Persicae(Sulzer) to carbamate. At the molecular biology level, esterase gene amplification is the main reason for the insecticide resistance of Myzus persicae. The inheritance of the amplified esterase genes has also been studied.

关键词(KeyWords)： 桃蚜;色型;抗药性;酯酶;基因扩增
Myzus persicae (Sulzer), color-forms, insecticide resistance ,esterase, gene amplification

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 张建亮,赵景玮,吴国星
Zhang Jianliang Zhao Jingwei Wu Guoxing (BCRI, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002)

DOI: 10.15914/j.cnki.wykx.2000.00.029

参考文献(References)：

• 陈其瑚 ,俞水炎 .1988.蚜虫及其防治 .上海科技出版社 .
• 陈文胜 ,古德就等 .1987.烟蚜寄主专化性的研究 .华南农业大学学报 ,18(4) :54- 58.
• 陈新胜 ,韩移旺 ,王方晓 .1998.不同体色的烟蚜消长动态及对药剂的敏感性 .中国烟草科技 .(3) :33- 34.
• 陈新胜 ,王方晓 ,韩移旺 .1998.烟蚜消长动态及体色变化的研究 .安徽农业科学 ,2 6 (2 ) :149- 151.
• 高希武 ,郑炳宗 ,曹本钧 . 1989.桃蚜对杀虫药剂抗性机制研究 .中国昆虫学会第二届药剂毒理学学术研讨会论文摘要汇编 :36 ,农业出版社 .
• 高希武 ,王荣京 ,郑炳宗 . 1990 .四种蚜虫 Ach E的活性及其对抑制剂的敏感度 .昆虫知识 ,2 7(4) :2 17- 2 18.
• 高希武 . 1987.Groun等改进的 Ellman胆碱酯酶活性测定方法介绍 .昆虫知识 ,2 4 (4) :2 4 5- 2 4 6 .
• 韩移旺 .1998.不同体色烟蚜的消长动态及对药剂的敏感性 .中国烟草科学 ,19(3) :33- 34.
• 李腾武 ,宗静 ,高希武 ,郑炳宗 . 1997.寄主植物对桃蚜羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的诱导作用 .植物保护 ,2 3(2 ) :14- 16 .
• 苏建亚 ,夏基康 .1987.蚜虫的寄主选择与取食行为 .南京农业大学学报 ,(2 ) :4 2 - 4 7.
• 王茂涛 ,张孝羲 .1991.桃蚜体色生物型的研究 .植物保护学报 ,18(4) :351- 355.
• 王荫长 ,龚国玑 ,陈长琨 ,韩召军 . 1986 .昆虫生理生化实验技术 ,72 - 74 .
• 吴金泉 . 1993.桃蚜抗性机制的研究进展 .昆虫知识 ,9(2 ) :2 0 - 2 2 .
• 谢贤元 .1992 .十字花科植物上桃蚜的两个生物型 .植物保护 ,18(1) :31- 32 .
• 杨乐恩 .1995.不同寄主作物上桃蚜对药剂敏感性的研究 .华南农业大学学报 ,16 (1) :80 - 83.
• 杨乐恩 .1995.不同寄主作物上桃蚜对药剂敏感性的研究 .华南农业大学学报 ,16 (1) :80 - 83.
• 杨效文 ,马继盛等 ,1995.不同寄主植物对烟蚜种群增长的影响 .河南农业大学农业昆虫教研室编 ,中国烟草昆虫研究 :理论与实践 (一 ) .北京 :中国农业出版社 .12 8- 137.
• 杨效文 ,张孝羲 .1998.烟蚜抗药性的生化及分子生物学机制 .世界农业 ,11(总 2 35) :37- 38.
• 张广学 .1990 .烟蚜 Myzus persicae研究新进展 .河南农业大学学报 ,2 4 (4) :4 96 - 50 4 .
• 张任午等 . 1983.测定二化螟胆碱酯酶活力的快速方法 .昆虫知识 ,2 0 (1) :4 1- 4 3.
• Abdel- Aal- YAI;Wolff- MA;Roe- RM;Lampert- EP Aphid carboxylesterases:biochemical aspectsand importance in the diagnosis of insecticide resistance.Pesticide- Biochemistry- and- Physiology.1990 ,38:3,2 55- 2 6 6 .
• Al- Aboodi,- A.;Ffrench - Constant,- R.H. 1995. RAPD PCR confirms absence of genetic variationbetween insecticide resistant variants of the green peach aphid,Myzus persicae (Homoptera:Aphididae) . The- Great- L akes- entomologist (USA) . 2 8(2 ) :12 7- 133
• Beranek A P Ent.Exp.Appl.,1974 17:12 9.Blackman RL,1987. Morphological discrimination of a tobacco- feeding form Myzus persicae(Sulzer)(Homoptera:Aphididae) ,and a key o new world Myzus(Nectarosiphon) species.Bull.EntomolRes. 77:713- 730 .
• Blackman,RL ,JM,Spence,L M,Field et al 1996 . Inheritance of the amplified esterase genes responsible forinsecticide resistance in Myzus persicae(Homoptera:Aphididae) . Heredity .77(2 ) :154- 16 7.
• Blackman- RL;Spence- JM;Field- L M;Devonshire- AL 1995.Chromosomal location of the amplifiedesterase genes conferring resistance to insecticides in Myzus persicae(Homoptera:Aphididae) Heredity.75(3) :2 97- 30 2 .
• Devonshire AL .Field L M 1991.Gene amplification and insecticide resistance .Ann.Rew.Entomol.36 :1- 33.
• Devonshire A L and G D Moores,1982 ,Pestici. Biochem. Physiol. ,18:2 35.Devonshire A L et al.1983,In:IUPAC Pesticide Chemistry Human Welfare and the Environment,Jmiyamotoet al eds,pp.181- 196 ,Pergaman Press:Oxford.Devonshire A L In:Proc,8th Br.Insectic.Fungic.,Vol.1,P.6 7.
• Devonshire A L et al Detection of insecticide resistance of immunological estimation of carboxylesteraseactivity in Myzus persicae(Sulzer) and cross reaction of the antiserum with Phorodon humuli(Schrank)Bull.Entomol.Res. 76 :97- 10 7.
• Devonshire A L Sawicki R M Insecticide- resistant Myzus persicae as an example of evolution by geneduplication Nature1979,2 80 :140 - 141.
• Devonshire,- AL ;Devine,- GJ;Moores,- GD Comparison of microplate esterase assays and immunoassayfor identifying insecticide resistant variants of Myzus persicae(Homoptera:Aphididae) .Bulletin- of-Entomological- Research. 1992 ,82 :4 ,4 59- 4 6 3.
• Field L M,Devonshire A L.et al1996 .Analysis of amplicons containing the seterase genes responsible forinsecticide resistance in the peach- potato aphid Myzus persicae(Sulzer) Biochemical Journal313(2 ) :543- 547.
• Field L M,Devonshire AL .1997.Structure and organization of amplicind containing the E4 eaterase genesresponsible for insecticide resistance in the aphids,Myzus persicae(Sulzer) .Biochemical Journal32 2 (3) :86 7- 871.
• Field L M,SE,Crick,Devonshire AL.1996 .Polymerase chain reaction- based identification of insecticideresistance genes and DNA methylation in the aphid Myzus persicae(Sulzer) .Insect Molecular Biology 5(3) :197- 2 0 2 .
• Field L M et al.1988Biochem.J.2 51:30 9- 312 .Field,- L.M.;Devonshire,- A.L. 1998.
• Evidence that the E4 and FE4 esterase genes responsible forinsecticide resistance in the aphid Myzus persicae(Sulzer) are part of a gene family.Biochemical-Journa,- L ondon(United Kingdom) . 330 (1) :16 9- 173.
• Field- LM;Williamson- MS;Moores- GD;Devonshire- AL 1993.Cloning and analysis of the esterasegenes conferring insecticide resistance in the potato- peach aphid,Myzus persicae.Biochemical- Journal- L ondon. 2 94 (2 ) :56 9- 574 .
• Field- LM;Devonshire- AL;Ffrench- Constant- RH;Forde- BG 1989. The combined use ofimmunoassay and a DNA diagnostic technique to identify insecticide- resistant genotypes in the peach-potato aphid,Myzus persicae (Sulz.) . Pesticide- Bioche mistry- and- Physiology. 34(2 ) :174 - 178.
• Furk- C;Hines- CM;Smith- SDJ;Devonshire- AL Seasonal variation of susceptible and resistantvariants of Myzus persicae. Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection Conference,Pests andDiseases. 1990 ,No. 3,12 0 7- 12 12 .
• Georghiou,P.G.In:FAO Plant Production and Protection Series .Rome ,Microfiche No.82 2 774 5- E.
• Harliw C.D et al. 1990 Jour. Econ. Entomol. 83:2 130 - 2 135.Harliw C.D. 1991Jour.Econ.Entomol. 84 :1175- 1179.
• Herron,- GA;Gibson,- TS;Horwood,- MA Insecticide resistance in Myzus persicae (Sulzer)(Hemiptera:Aphididae) in southeastern Australia.Journal- of- the- Australian- Entomological-Society. 1993,32 :1,2 3- 2 7.
• Hick CA,Field L M ,Devonshire AL .1996 . Changes in the methylation of amplified esterase DNA duringloss and resistance in perch- potato aphids,Myzus persicae(Sulzer) .Insect Biochemistry and MolecularBiology.2 6 (1) :4 1- 4 7.
• Hung- CF;Kao- CH;Liu- CC;Lin- JG;Sun- CN Detoxifying enzymes of selected insect species withchewing and sucking habits. Journal- of- Economic- Entomology. 1990 ,83:2 ,36 1- 36 5.
• L ittle- EJ;Atkinson- HJ;Isaac- RE Use of an immunoassay to determine the occurrence of insecticideresistant strains of Myzus persicae in northern England between 1985- 87.
• Brighton Crop ProtectionConference,Pests and Diseases. 1988,No. 1,4 89- 4 94 .
• Monet,- R;Massonie,- G1994 .Genetic determinism of resistance to the green aphid(Myzus persicae) inthe peach. Further results. Agronomie. 14(3) :177- 182 .
• Moores,- G.D.;Devine,- G.J.;Devonshire,- A.L. 1994 .Insecticide- insensitive acetylcholinesterasecan enhance esterase- based resistance in Myzus persicae and Myzus nicotianae. Pesticide-biochemistry- and- physiology(USA) . (Jun1994 ) . 4 9(2 ) :114- 12 0 .
• Moores,- G.D.;Devine,- G.J.;Devonshire,- A.L. Insecticide- insensitive acetylcholinesterase canenhance esterase- based resistance in Myzus persicae and Myzus nicotianae. Pesticide- biochemistry-and- physiology (USA) . (Jun 1994 ) . v. 4 9(2 ) p. 114- 12 0 .
• Moores- GD;Denholm- I;Byrne- FJ;Kennedy- AL;Devonshire- AL 1988.Characterisingacetylcholinesterase genotypes in resistant insect populations.Brighton Crop Protection Conference,Pests and Diseases.1,4 51- 4 56 .
• Rajagopal R,1983.. Studies on the development and metamorphosis of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) by crossinoculation amng different host plants .Pranikee,(4) :12 6 - 133.
• Resistance of aphids to insecticides.Committee- Paper- Sugar- Beet- Research- and- Education-Committee. 1991,No. 2 531,4 6 pp.
• Smissaert H R,Science,196 4 ,143:12 9.Smith- SDJ;Devonshire- AL Variation in resistance frequencies of Myzus persicae on sugar beet-implications for control. Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection Conference,Pests and Diseases.1990 ,3,12 13- 12 18.
• Takada H.et al1987.Occurrigce of tobacco- specific form of Myzus persicae(Sulzer) .Kontyu,55:573-586 .
• Takada,H.1979. Characteristics of forms of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera :Aphididae ) distinguishedby colors and esterase difference and their occurrence in population host plants in Japan . Appl. Ent.Zool. 14:370 - 375.
• Tamaki G.,Amis B.,Fox L.Et al1982 .Comparison of yellow holocyclic and green anholocyclic strains ofMyzus persicae(Sulzer) :Low temperature adaptability.Environ.Entomol..11:2 31- 2 33.
• Tatchell- GM;Thorn- M;Loxdale- HD;Devonshire- AL Monitoring for insecticide resistance in migrantpopulations of Myzus persicae.Brighton Crop Protection Conference,Pests and Diseases. 1988,No. 1,4 39- 4 4 4 .
• Vranac,- S.;Milevoj,- L.;Javornik,- B.Electrophoretic studies of esterase isozymes and the insecticideresistance of Myzus persicae(Sulzer) (Homoptera:Aphididae) in Slovenia.Zbornik- Biotehniske-fakultete- Univerze- v- L jubljani (Slovenia) . Kmetijstvo. (1995) . (no.6 5) p. 81- 87.