武夷科学

竹材加工剩余物作为丰富的可再生资源，在保温隔热领域具有巨大的应用潜力。本研究以竹材加工剩余物为原料，二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯树脂为胶黏剂，通过热压工艺制备轻质、隔热的竹材加工剩余物保温材料，探究不同粒度和密度对其弯曲性能、隔热性能和耐水性能的影响。结果表明，密度对材料的影响最大，随着密度的提高，竹材加工剩余物保温材料的弯曲性能显著上升，吸水率显著下降，但其吸水膨胀率逐渐升高，隔热性能有所下降。将粒度大于2.0 mm的竹材加工剩余物热压制备成密度为0.25 g·cm^-3的保温材料时，其静曲强度MOR为0.24 MPa,弹性模量MOE为25.78 MPa,吸水厚度膨胀率为6.2%,在20℃下其导热系数λ为0.0499 W·m^-1·K^-1,保温性能最佳，符合高效保温材料导热系数λ<0.0500 W·m^-1·K^-1的要求。

Bamboo processing residues, as abundant renewable resources, possess immense potential for application in thermal insulation. In this paper, bamboo processing residues were used as raw materials to prepare lightweight thermal insulation materials through a hot-pressing process with diphenylmethane diisocyanate as the adhesive. The effects of different particle sizes and densities on the thermal insulation performance, flexural properties, and water resistance of the materials were investigated. The results showed that density had the greatest effect on the materials. As the density increased, the thermal insulation materials showed notable improvements in flexural properties, a marked decrease in water absorption rate, and a slight decline in thermal insulation performance due to the gradual increase in expansion rate of water absorption. When bamboo processing residues with particle sizes larger than 2.0 mm were hot-pressed to produce insulation materials with a density of 0.25 g·cm^-3, the materials exhibited a modulus of rupture being 0.24 MPa, a modulus of elasticity being 25.78 MPa, and a thickness expansion rate of water absorption being 6.2%. Specifically, the thermal conductivity of these materials at 20 ℃ was 0.0499 W·m^-1·K^-1, which indicated satisfactory thermal insulation performance, fulfilling the requirement for high-efficiency insulation materials with the thermal conductivity λ<0.0500 W·m^-1·K^-1.