武夷科学

依据国内外的有关文献和作者的研究成果 ,本文整理报道了世界上 15种鹤类的分类地位和亲缘关系 ,气管和鸣管的形态结构以及气管的进化。提出鹤类的气管进化与鹤类的系统进化密切相关。分类地位较低的冠鹤属气管短直 ;蓑羽鹤属和肉垂鹤属的气管在胸骨前缘出现弯曲 ;分类地位较高的鹤属 (白鹤除外 )的气管伸长 ,进入胸骨龙骨突起后出现 3次盘曲 ,气管的总长度多大于或等于体全长 ,故成年鹤的鸣叫声变得更为高亢。

On the basis of the related documents and the authors′ researches, this paper sorts out and reports the relationship between the taxa and their affinities of 15 crane species in the world, and the morphology of their tracheas and syringes, and the evolution of the tracheas. The authors consider that the evolution of crane trachea is closely related to the evolution of crane classification. From lower to higher evolutive cranes, the Balearia has short and straight trachea, the tracheas of Antropoides and Bugeranus are coiled in front of the anterior edge of the sternum, the tracheas of Grus (excepts for G. leucogeronus) are elongated and invade into the keel of the sternum, and coiled thrice. The total length of each trachea is longer than or equals to the body length in each species of Grus,so that the adults utter loud and penetrating calls.