武夷科学

为了解中国兰科药用植物资源现状，并为兰科药用植物资源的保护和合理开发利用提供科学依据。本研究通过系统地查阅、梳理文献资料，整合网络数据库信息，对中国兰科药用植物的种类、药用部位、地理分布等信息进行系统整理与分析。结果表明，我国兰科药用植物共87属327种，以石斛属、虾脊兰属为主；兰科药用植物普遍具有清热解毒的功效，其药用部位多样，涵盖全草、块茎、根、茎等多个入药部位；在地理分布上，兰科药用植物资源分布广泛且主要集中于云南省(262种)和四川省(175种)。此外，常用兰科药用植物的化学成分复杂多样，部分种类因其稀缺性和独特药效而价格昂贵，面临着被混伪品和习用品替代使用的风险。中国兰科药用植物资源丰富，药用部位与药效多样，开发潜力巨大，但利用率较低且用药情况复杂，建议加强对兰科药用植物资源的保护，制定有效措施，以科学开发利用中国兰科药用植物资源。

The aim of this study was to understand the status of medicinal plant resources of Orchidaceae in China and provide a scientific basis for the conservation and the rational development and utilization of medicinal plant resources of this family. In this study, we systematically reviewed and sorted out the literature and integrated the information from online databases to systematically organize and analyze the information on the species, medicinal parts, and geographic distribution of the medicinal plants of Orchidaceae in China. The results showed that there were 327 species of medicinal plants belonging to 87 genera of Orchidaceae in China, with Dendrobium and Calanthe being the most common. The medicinal plants of Orchidaceae generally had the efficacy of clearing heat and removing toxins, and the medicinal parts of these plants were diversified, covering the whole herbs, tubers, roots, and stems. Geographically, the medicinal plant resources of Orchidaceae presented wide distribution, with most of them concentrated in Sichuan Province(175 species) and Yunnan Province(262 species). Additionally, the chemical composition of commonly used medicinal plants of Orchidaceae was complex and varied. Some of the species were pricey due to their unique efficacy and rarity, while they run the risk of being replaced by adulterants and common alternatives. With rich resources, various medicinal parts, and diverse medicinal effects, the medicinal plants of Orchidaceae in China demonstrated great potential for development. However, the utilization rate was low and the situation of medication was complicated. It is thus recommended that efforts should be made to strengthen the resource protection of medicinal plants of Orchidaceae and formulate effective measures to scientifically develop and utilize the resources of medicinal plants of Orchidaceae in China.