武夷科学

锹甲科昆虫是一类热门的观赏性昆虫。本研究通过室内饲养观察，分析不同温度下黄纹锯锹(Prosopocoilus biplagiatus)不同虫态(卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫)的生长发育情况，以阐明黄纹锯锹的生物学特性以及温度对其生长发育的影响，为该虫人工饲育、壮大种群提供理论依据。结果表明，23℃下，同龄的黄纹锯锹雌雄间幼虫龄期和头壳宽度无显著差异，不同虫龄间雌雄幼虫头壳宽度和体重差异显著；其中雌性卵期18.77 d,幼虫期146.47 d,蛹期22.07 d;雄性卵期17.48 d,幼虫期148.64 d,蛹期21.02 d。黄纹锯锹适宜的生存温度为19～27℃,随着温度的上升，其雌雄幼虫期和蛹期均呈现缩短的趋势，且不同温度间的历期差异极显著；不同温度下黄纹锯锹雌雄成虫体长、体重等存在显著差异；温度在19℃较有利于黄纹锯锹的生长发育。研究还初步发现，温度会对黄纹锯锹雄虫上颚的长度和形状有所影响。

Stag beetles are a well-established group of ornamental insects. To provide a theoretical foundation for the artificial rearing and population expansion of Prosopocoilus biplagiatus, we examined the biological characteristics of P. biplagiatus and its growth and development at different stages(egg, larva, pupa, and adult) in response to different temperatures based on indoor rearing and observation. The results showed no significant differences between males and females in terms of larval stadium and head capsule width at a temperature of 23 ℃. The head capsule width and body weight of larvaes were significantly different at different stages. The durations of the egg, larval, and pupal stages for females were 18.77, 146.47, and 22.07 days, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for males were 17.48, 148.64, and 21.02 days, respectively. We identified that the optimum temperature range for the survival of P. biplagiatus was 19～27 ℃. In response to an increase in temperature, there was a tendency for the larval and pupal duration of males and females to shorten, with a temperature of 19 ℃ being identified as the most suitable for growth and development. The length and weight between male and female adults were significantly different at different temperatures(P<0.05). Furthermore, the temperature appeared to influence the length and shape of the mandibles of male P. biplagiatus.