武夷科学

甘肃省地处我国西北地区，自然条件恶劣，荒漠化严重。人类不合理的经济活动导致甘肃省的生态格局发生了改变，因此，对甘肃省生态环境敏感性进行评价具有重要意义。本研究从自然环境和社会经济2个方面出发，选取了高程、坡度、水环境、植被覆盖度、人口空间分布和土地利用类型6个评价指标，完成单因子和综合生态环境敏感性的评价与分析，按照生态环境敏感性等级划分，依次为低敏感、中度敏感、高度敏感和极敏感。进行了2010—2023年的单因子和综合敏感性时间变化分析。得到研究区生态环境敏感性空间分布特征和时间变化情况，识别出具备重要生态保护价值的区域。生态环境低敏感区面积为166991.4 km²,中度敏感区面积为66615.7 km²,高度敏感区面积为94548.1 km²,极敏感区面积为99798.0 km²。生态环境低敏感区和中度敏感区面积共占比54.59%,高度敏感区和极敏感区面积差距较小。生态环境低敏感性和中度敏感性面积随时间变化呈增大趋势，而高度敏感性和极敏感性面积呈减小趋势。通过评估甘肃省的生态环境敏感性，可以为生态保护和修复工作提供科学依据。了解不同区域的敏感性等级有助于优先保护对环境变化反应更为敏感的区域。

Gansu Province is located in the northwest of China, with harsh natural conditions and severe desertification. Unreasonable human economic activities have changed the ecological pattern in Gansu Province, and thus it is of great significance to evaluate the eco-environment sensitivity in this province. Considering both natural environment and social economy, this study selected six evaluation indicators(elevation, slope, water environment, vegetation coverage, population spatial distribution, and land use type) to evaluate the sensitivity of single factors and the comprehensive eco-environment sensitivity. The eco-environment sensitivity was graded as follows: low sensitivity, medium sensitivity, high sensitivity, and extreme sensitivity. In addition, the changes in sensitivity of single factors and the comprehensive sensitivity over time from 2010 to 2023 were analyzed. The spatial distribution characteristics and temporal changes of eco-environmental sensitivity in the study area were obtained, and the regions with important ecological protection values were identified. The eco-environments with low, medium, high, and extreme sensitivity spanned areas of 166991.4, 66615.7, 94548.1, and 99798.0 km², respectively. The areas with low and medium sensitivity accounted for 54.59%, and those with high sensitivity and extreme sensitivity had a slight difference. The areas with low and medium sensitivity increased over time, while those with high and extreme sensitivity showed a decreasing trend. Assessing eco-environmental sensitivity in Gansu Province can provide a scientific basis for ecological protection and restoration. Understanding the sensitivity of different regions can help prioritize protecting regions that are more sensitive to environmental changes.